What causes them to happen

The Earth's lithosphere (upper layer) is a patchwork of plates in slow but constant motion.

Map of tectonic plates (USGS)

plate_tectonics

The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.


Next → How often do earthquakes occur?

 

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